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Fort Wayne is a city in the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Allen County, United States. Located in northeastern Indiana, the city is *** miles (29 km) west of the Ohio border and 50 miles (80 km) south of the Michigan border. With a population of 253,691 in the 2010 census, it is the second-most populous city in Indiana after Indianapolis, and the 75th-most populous city in the United States. It is the principal city of the Fort Wayne metropolitan area, consisting of Allen, Wells, and Whitley counties, a combined population of 419,453 as of 2011. Fort Wayne is the cultural and economic center of northeastern Indiana. In addition to the three core counties, the combined statistical area (CSA) includes Adams, DeKalb, Huntington, Noble, and Steuben counties, with an estimated population of 615,077.
Fort Wayne was built in 1794 by the United States Army under the direction of American Revolutionary War general Anthony Wayne, the last in a series of forts built near the Miami village of Kekionga. Named in Wayne's honor, the European-American settlement developed at the confluence of the St. Joseph, St. Marys, and Maumee rivers as a trading post for pioneers. The village was platted in ***23 and underwent tremendous growth after completion of the Wabash and Erie C*****and advent of the railroad. Once a booming manufacturing town located in what became known as the Rust Belt, Fort Wayne's economy in the 21st century is based upon distribution, transportation and logistics, healthcare, professional and business services, leisure and hospitality, and financial services. The city is a center for the defense industry which employs thousands. There are also many jobs through local healthcare providers Parkview Health and Lutheran Health Network.
Fort Wayne was an All-America City Award recipient in 1982, 1998, and 2009. The city also received an Outstanding Achievement City Livability Award by the U.S. Conference of Mayors in 1999.
This area at the confluence of rivers was long occupied by successive cultures of indigenous peoples. The Miami tribe established its settlement of Kekionga at the confluence of the Maumee, St. Joseph, and St. Marys rivers. It was the capital of the Miami nation and related Algonquian tribes.
In 1696, Comte de Frontenac appointed Jean Baptiste Bissot, Sieur de Vincennes as commander of the outpost. The French built Fort Miami in 1697 as part of a group of forts and trading posts built between Quebec and St. Louis. In 1721, a few years after Bissot's death, Fort Miami was replaced by Fort St. Philippe des Miamis. The first census in 1744 recorded a population of approximately 40 Frenchmen and 1,000 Miami.
British control
Increasing tension between France and Great Britain developed over control of the territory. In 1760, France ceded the area to Britain after its forces in North America surrendered during the Seven Years' War, known on the North American front as the French and Indian War. In 1763, various Native American nations rebelled against British rule and retook the fort as part of Pontiac's Rebellion. The Miami regained control of Kekionga, ruling it for more than 30 years.
US battles Native Americans for land in Fort Wayne
In 1790, after the United States achieved independence, President George Washington ordered the United States Army to secure Indiana Territory. Three battles were fought at Kekionga against Little Turtle and the Miami Confederacy. Miami warriors defeated U.S. forces in the first two battles. General Anthony Wayne led a third expedition resulting in the destruction of Kekionga and the start of peace negotiations between Little Turtle and the U.S. After General Wayne refused to negotiate, tribal forces advanced to Fallen Timbers, where they were defeated on August 20, 1794. On October 22, 1794, U.S. forces captured the Wabash–Erie portage from the Miami Confederacy and built Fort Wayne, named in honor of the general.
Settlement permitted by Treaty of St. Mary's
An illustration depicting the ***12 military garrison.
The first settlement started in ***15. In ***19, the military garrison abandoned the fort and moved to Detroit. In ***22, a federal land office opened to sell land ceded by local Native Americans by the Treaty of St. Mary's in ******. Platted in ***23 at the Ewing Tavern, the village became an important frontier outpost, and was incorporated as the Town of Fort Wayne in ***29, with a population of 300. The Wabash and Erie Canal's opening improved travel conditions to the Great Lakes and Mississippi River, exposing Fort Wayne to expanded economic opportunities. The population topped 2,000 when the town was incorporated as the City of Fort Wayne on February 22, ***40. Pioneer newspaperman George W. Wood was elected the city's first mayor. Fort Wayne's "Summit City" nickname dates from this period, referring to the city's position at the highest elevation along the canal's route. As influential as the c*****was to the city's earliest development, it quickly became obsolete after briefly competing with the city's first railroad, the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway, completed in ***54.
Modern history
A lithograph of Fort Wayne (***68).
At the turn of the 20th century, the city's population reached nearly 50,000, attributed to a large influx of German and Irish immigrants. Fort Wayne's "urban working class" thrived in industrial and railroad-related jobs. The city's economy was substantially based on manufacturing, ushering in an era of innovation with several notable inventions and developments coming out of the city over the years, such as gasoline pumps (***5), the refrigerator (1913), and in 1972, the first home video game console. A 1913 flood caused seven deaths, left 15,000 homeless, and damaged over 5,500 buildings in the worst natural disaster in the city's history.
As the automobile's prevalence grew, Fort Wayne became a fixture on the Lincoln Highway. Aviation arrived in 1919 with the opening of the city's first airport, Smith Field. The airport served as Fort Wayne's primary commercial airfield until Baer Field (now Fort Wayne International Airport) was transferred to the city in 1947 after serving as a military base during World War II.
The Lincoln Bank Tower was completed as Indiana's tallest building in 1930.
Fort Wayne was hit by the Great Depression beginning in 1929, with most factories cutting their workforce. The stock market crash did not discourage plans to build the city's first skysc****r and Indiana's tallest building at the time, the Lincoln Bank Tower. By 1935, the New Deal's WPA put over 7,000 residents back to work through local infrastructure improvements, including the construction of new parks, bridges, viaducts, and a $5.2 million sewage treatment facility.
The post-World War II economic boom helped the city prosper once again. Between 1950 and 1955, more than 5,000 homes were built, many in large subdivisions in rural Allen County. In 1950, Fort Wayne's first bypass, Coliseum Boulevard, opened on the north side of the city, followed by the city's first arena, War Memorial Coliseum, bringing new opportunities for suburban expansion. The Coliseum was home to the NBA's Fort Wayne Pistons from 1952 to 1957. The opening of enclosed shopping malls and the construction of Interstate 69 through rural areas north and west of the city proper further drove the exodus of retail from downtown through the 1960s. According to the Fort Wayne Home Builders****ociation estimates, more than 80 percent of new home construction occurred outside the city proper in the 1970s.
A flooded Superior Street in 1982.
Like many cities in the Rust Belt, deindustrialization in the 1980s brought urban blight, increased crime, and a decrease in blue-collar manufacturing jobs. Downtown and surrounding neighborhoods continued declining as residents and businesses sprawled further into rural Allen County. A 1982 flood forced an evacuation of 9,000 residents, damaging 2,000 buildings, and costing $56.1 million (1982 USD, $137 million 2015 USD).
The 1990s marked a turnaround for the city, as local leaders focused on crime reduction, economic diversification, and downtown redevelopment. By 1999, Fort Wayne's crime rate decreased to levels not seen since 1974, and the city's economy recovered, with the unemployment rate hovering at 2.4 percent in 1998. Clearing blighted buildings downtown resulted in new public greenspaces, including Headwaters Park, which has become the premier community gathering space and centerpiece in the city's $50 million flood control project. Fort Wayne celebrated its bicentennial in 1994.
The city continued to concentrate on downtown redevelopment and investment in the 2000s. The decade saw the beginnings of its transformation, with renovations and expansions of the Allen County Public Library, Grand Wayne Convention Center, and Fort Wayne Museum of Art. In 2007, the $130 million Harrison Square development was launched, creating Parkview Field. Suburban growth continued, with the opening of Fort Wayne's first lifestyle center, Jefferson Pointe, and the half-billion dollar Parkview Regional Medical Center in 2012.
Geography
Fort Wayne is in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States, in northeastern Indiana, *** miles (29 km) west of Ohio and 50 miles (80 km) south of Michigan. According to the 2010 census, Fort Wayne has a total area of 110.834 square miles (287.06 km2), of which 110.62 square miles (286.50 km2) (or 99.81%) is land and 0.214 square miles (0.55 km2) (or 0.19%) is water.
Topography
Aerial of Fort Wayne in 2019.
The St. Marys River (left) and St. Joseph River (right) converge to form the Maumee River (foreground).
For a regional summit, the city is situated on flat land characterized by little topographical relief, a result of the Wisconsin glaciation episode. Receding glaciers eroded the land, depositing an evenly distributed layer of sediment during the last glacial period. The most distinguishable topographical feature is Cedar Creek Canyon, just north of the city proper near Huntertown. The Fort Wayne Moraine follows two of the city's three rivers: the St. Marys and St. Joseph. The two rivers converge to form the Maumee, which eventually empties into Lake Erie. Land east of the moraine includes the former Great Black Swamp, a lacustrine plain formed by Glacial Lake Maumee. The Little River flows southwest of Fort Wayne, a tributary of the Wabash River, and remnant of the Maumee Torrent. The city lies along the St. Lawrence Continental Divide which separates the Great Lakes Basin from the Gulf of Mexico watershed.
The most important geographical feature of the area is the short distance overland between the Three Rivers system, which eventually flows to the Atlantic, and the Wabash system, which eventually flows to the Gulf of Mexico. This came to be the "portage" or carrying place, over which travelers could transport their cargoes from one system to the next. This natural crossroads attracted the Native Americans for thousands of years. It later attracted the European explorers and traders and the American pioneer settlers who continued to develop the area as a transportation and communications center. Chief Little Turtle of the Miami Nation expressed its importance eloquently at the treaty of Greenville in 1795 when he called it "that glorious gate...through which all the words of our chiefs had to pass through from north to south and from east to west."
Fort Wayne's urban tree canopy is 29 percent, double the state average of 14.5 percent and above the national average of 27.1 percent. The canopy is decreasing, notably from development and the emerald ash borer infestation. Fort Wayne has been designated a Tree City USA since 1990.
Cityscape
See also: List of neighborhoods in Fort Wayne, Indiana
Downtown Fort Wayne, looking south from the St. Marys River.
Historically, Fort Wayne has been divided into four unofficial quadrants: northeast, northwest, southeast, and southwest. Calhoun Street divides the southwest and southeast, while the St. Joseph River divides the northwest and northeast quadrants. The Maumee River separates the northeast and southeast, while portions of the St. Marys River and Chicago, Fort Wayne and Eastern Railroad separate the northwest and southwest quadrants.
Fort Wayne's early-20th century development was influenced by the City Beautiful movement and centered on a "park and boulevard plan" conceived by urban planner Charles Mulford Robinson in 1909 and finalized by landscape architect George Kessler in 1912. The master plan proposed a network of parkways and boulevards connecting the city's three rivers and Spy Run Creek to dozens of neighborhoods and parks. Several parks were designed by noted landscape architect Arthur Asahel Shurcliff. Much of the original plan was implemented by 1955. In 2010, the Fort Wayne Park and Boulevard System was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, consisting of 11 public parks, four parkways, and ten boulevards, covering 1,883 acres (762 ha).
Architecture
See also: List of tallest buildings in Fort Wayne
The Allen County Courthouse was completed in 1902 and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2003.
During the 19th century, Fort Wayne was dominated by Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, and Italianate architecture. Examples of Greek Revival architecture remain in the city, with one being the Richardville House (***27), a National Historic Landmark. Gothic and Gothic Revival architecture can be found in some of the city's most prominent churches, including Trinity English Lutheran Church (***46), Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (***60), Trinity Episcopal Church (***65), and Saint Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church (***9).
Popular early-20th century architectural styles found in the city include Queen Anne, Richardsonian Romanesque, Neoclassical, Colonial Revival, Dutch Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, Prairie, American Craftsman, American Foursquare, and Art Deco. Richardsonian Romanesque buildings include Fort Wayne City Hall (***93) and John H. Bass Mansion (1902), each designed by Wing & Mahurin. Notable examples of Neoclassical architecture include the Masonic Temple (1926) and North Side High School (1927). Beaux-Arts, an architectural style closely related to Neoclassical, gained popularity during the City Beautiful movement of the ***90s and early 1900s, which is reflected in the Allen County Courthouse (1902). The Allen County Courthouse is one of two National Historic Landmarks in the city. The Pennsylvania Railroad Station, also known as Baker Street Station (1914), was designed in American Craftsman style. At 312 feet (95 m), the Art Deco-style Lincoln Bank Tower was Fort Wayne's first high-rise and Indiana's tallest building from 1930 to 1962. The E. Ross Adair Federal Building and United States Courthouse (1932) is another example of Art Deco architecture. Williams–Woodland Park Historic District includes examples of Queen Anne and Colonial Revival residential homes, while the Forest Park Boulevard Historic District includes Tudor Revival homes.
Modern and Postmodern architecture can be found in buildings constructed during the second half of the 20th century in Fort Wayne. The John D. Haynes House (1952) was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, while the campus of Concordia Theological Seminary (1953) was designed by Eero Saarinen. Postmodern architect Michael Graves' first commissions were built in the city, including Hanselmann House (1967) and Snyderman House (1972, now demolished). Louis Kahn's design for the Arts United Center (1973) was inspired by a violin and its case. Other notable buildings include Indiana Michigan Power Center (1982), the tallest building in the city and tallest building in Indiana outside of Indianapolis, at 442 feet (135 m).
Climate
The Oakdale neighborhood after a January snow.
Fort Wayne lies in the humid continental climate zone (K?ppen: Dfa), experiencing four distinct seasons. The city is located in USDA hardiness zones 5b and 6a. Typically, summers are hot, humid, and wet. Winters are generally cold with moderate snowfall. The average annual precipitation is 38.34 in (974 mm), recorded at Fort Wayne International Airport. During the winter season, snowfall ac***ulation averages 33.5 in (85 cm) per year. Lake-effect snow is not uncommon to the region, but usually appears in the form of light snow flurries.
The National Weather Service reports the highest recorded temperature in the city at 106 °F (41 °C), most recently on June 28, 2012, and the lowest recorded temperature at ?24 °F (?31 °C) on January 12, 19***. The wettest month on record was June 2015, with 11.98 in (304 mm) of precipitation. The greatest 24-hour rainfall was 4.93 in (125 mm) on August 1, 1926. The snowiest month on record was January 2014, with 30.3 in (77 cm) of snowfall. The greatest calendar-day snowfall was ***.0 in (46 cm) on February 28, 1900.
Severe weather is not uncommon, particularly in the spring and summer months; the city experiences an average of 39 thunderstorm days and about 10 severe weather days annually. An EF2 tornado struck northern Fort Wayne on May 26, 2001, injuring three and causing damage along the Coliseum Boulevard corridor and a subdivision. Fort Wayne experienced 91 mph (146 km/h) wind gusts in the June 2012 North American derecho, knocking out power to 78,000, uprooting approximately 500 trees, and costing $2.5 million.
According to the 2010 Census, there were 420,690 people and 113,541 households. The racial makeup of the city is 73.62% White, 15.41% Black or African American, 0.37% Native American or Alaska Native, 3.3% Asian (1.4% Burmese, 0.4% Indian, 0.3% Vietnamese, 0.2% Chinese, 0.2% Filipino, 0.1% Korean, 0.1% Laotian, 0.1% Thai), 0.06% Pacific Islander, 3.72% from other races, and 3.52% from two or more races. 7.96% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. Among the Hispanic population, 6.1% are Mexican, 0.4% Puerto Rican, and 0.3% Guatemalan. Non-Hispanic Whites were 70.3% of the population in 2010, down from 87.7% in 1970.
There were 101,585 households of which 30.1% had children under the age of *** living with them, 42.3% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.0% were non-families. 31.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.09.
The median age in the city was 34.5 years. 26.4% of residents were under the age of ***; 10.2% were between the ages of *** and 24; 26.5% were from 25 to 44; 24.9% were from 45 to 64; and 12% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.
Fort Wayne has the largest Burmese American population in the U.S., estimated at 6,000. Burmese refugee settlement and "secondary migrants" doubled the city's Asian population between 2000 and 2010.
Religion
Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, co-cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend.
Fort Wayne is sometimes referred to as the "City of Churches," an unofficial moniker dating to the late-19th century when the city was the regional hub of Catholic, Lutheran, and Episcopal faiths. Today, there are 360 churches in the city. 54 percent of Fort Wayne residents identify as religious, where 16 percent are Catholic, 9 percent are Lutheran, 6.5 percent are Baptist, 5 percent are Methodist, and 0.14 percent are Jewish, with 16.5 percent adhering to other Christian faiths. An increasing religious minority is found among the city's immigrant communities, including Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam.
Major churches include the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Saint Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church and Trinity Episcopal Church. Fort Wayne's Reform Judaism population is served by Congregation Achduth Vesholom, the oldest Jewish congregation in Indiana, founded in ***48. In 2013, construction began on the first Burmese Muslim mosque to be built worldwide since the mid-1970s.
As of December 2012, four national Christian denominations were headquartered in the city: the American****ociation of Lutheran Churches, the Fundamental Baptist Fellowship****ociation, the Missionary Church and the Fellowship of Evangelical Churches. Fort Wayne is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Wayne–South Bend, covering 14 counties in Northern Indiana, and the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod Indiana District, encompassing all of Indiana and north central Kentucky.
Economy
The vacant General Electric complex consists of 30 acres (12 ha) and 12 buildings.
In 2017, the Fort Wayne metropolitan area had a gross domestic product (GDP) of $25.7 billion. The top four industries were: manufacturing ($8.1B), health care ($2.54B), retail trade ($1.4B), and finance and insurance ($1.3B) Government, if it had been a private industry, would have tied for third, generating $1.4 billion.
Manufacturing is deeply rooted in Fort Wayne's economic history, dating to the earliest days of the city's growth as an important trade stop along the Wabash and Erie Canal. Railroads, introduced shortly after the canal's arrival, eased travel from Fort Wayne to other booming industrial centers along the Great Lakes, such as Chicago, Detroit, Toledo, and Cleveland. Throughout the early and mid-20th century, manufacturing dominated the city's economic landscape. From 1900 to 1930, Fort Wayne's industrial output expanded by 747 percent, with total production valued at $95 million in 1929, up from $11 million in ***99. The total workforce also increased from ***,000 in 1900 to nearly 50,000 in 1930.
Companies that had a significant presence in the city include Dana Holding Corporation, Falstaff Brewing Corporation, Fruehauf Corporation, General Electric, International Harvester, Magnavox, Old Crown Brewing Corporation, and Tokheim, among several others, producing goods such as refrigerators, washing machines, automatic phonographs, meat packing products, televisions, garbage disposals, automotive parts and motors, trailers, gasoline pumps, trucks, beer, tents and awnings. Magnet wire production became an especially vital component to the city's economy. In 1960, Fort Wayne was at the center of the United States magnet wire industry, home to New Haven Wire and Cable Company, Phelps Dodge, Rea Magnet Wire, Superior Es***, and an operation at General Electric, producing nearly 90 percent of North America's magnet wire.
Abraham Lincoln: The Hoosier Youth stands in front of Lincoln Financial Group's downtown offices.
The 1970s and 1980s were times of economic depression in Fort Wayne, when much of the city's manufacturing foundation eroded and the blue-collar workforce shrank. Fort Wayne joined several other cities reeling economically within the Rust Belt. At the same time, General Electric also downsized much of its more than 10,000-person workforce. Amid other area plant closures and downsizing, coupled with the early 1980s recession, the city lost 30,000 jobs and reached a 12.1 percent unemployment rate. The arrival of General Motors in 1987 helped fill the void from shuttered manufacturers and aided in the area's recovery, employing 3,000 at its Fort Wayne****embly. In 2017, General Motors was the largest manufacturer in the city, employing 4,100****embling Chevrolet Silverado regular and double cab light- and heavy-duty pickup trucks.
Through the 1990s and into the 2000s, the city diversified its economy; manufacturing now employs 16.9 percent of Allen County's workforce. Other sectors include distribution, transportation, and logistics (23.1 percent), health care (17.9 percent), professional and business services (12.1 percent), leisure and hospitality (11.1 percent), and financial services (6.3 percent). The leisure and hospitality sector has especially grown, with 5.8 million visitors spending $545 million in 2013, a 4.3 percent increase over the previous year. The city is a center for the defense industry, employing thousands at such companies as BAE Systems (1,150), Harris Corporation (888), Raytheon Systems (950), and the Fort Wayne Air National Guard Station (423).
Despite economic diversification, the city was significantly impacted by the Great Recession. According to a report from Pew Research Center, the city lost nearly a quarter of its manufacturing jobs and 11% of its economic status between 2000 and 2014. Economic Innovation Group's 2016 Distressed Communities Index Report ranked Fort Wayne among the most unequal large cities in the U.S. in terms of linking economic opportunities to its distressed zip codes. As of 2017, Allen County's labor force was ***0,637 with an unemployment rate of 2.5 percent.
Companies based in Fort Wayne include Brotherhood Mutual, Do it Best, Franklin Electric, Frontier Communications – Central Region, Genteq, Indiana Michigan Power, K&K Insurance, MedPro Group, North American Van Lines, Rea Magnet Wire, Steel Dynamics, Swee****er Sound, and Vera Bradley. Steel Dynamics is the only Fortune 500 company headquartered in the city, ranking 354th. Founded in 1905, Lincoln Financial Group was based in Fort Wayne until its move to suburban Philadelphia in 1999. The company maintains a large presence in the city, employing nearly 2,000.
Culture
Performing arts
The Embassy Theatre opened in 1928 as a movie palace.
The Embassy Theatre is a 2,471-seat performing arts theater which hosts over 200,000 patrons annually. Since its founding in 1944, the Fort Wayne Philharmonic Orchestra has often been hosted at the Embassy. The University of Saint Francis Robert Goldstine Performing Arts Center, located on its Downtown Campus, contains a 2,086-seat auditorium.
Since its establishment in 2010, the Cultural District has been home to several of the city's cultural institutions, including the Fort Wayne Museum of Art, Auer Center for Arts and Culture, Arts United Center, and Hall Community Arts Center. Arts United Center houses the Fort Wayne Civic Theater, Fort Wayne Dance Collective, and Fort Wayne Youtheatre. Auer Center for Arts and Culture houses Fort Wayne Ballet. Hall Community Arts Center houses Cinema Center, an independent film venue.
Though used mainly for exhibitions and conventions, the Grand Wayne Convention Center hosts dance and choir productions, such as the annual Foundation for Art and Music in Education (FAME) Northeast Festival. Foellinger Theatre, a 2,500-seat amphitheater in Franke Park, hosts seasonal acts and outdoor concerts during warmer months. Located west of downtown, Arena Dinner Theatre is a nonprofit community arts corporation with a focus on live theater production, annually hosting seven full-length theatrical productions.
Attractions
Science Central opened in the city's former municipal power plant in 1995.
A reticulated giraffe in the Fort Wayne Children's Zoo's African Journey exhibit.
The Fort Wayne Children's Zoo has been lauded as one of the nation's foremost zoos. Covering 40 acres (16 ha) and containing 1,000 animals of 200 different species, the zoo is the largest regional attraction, regularly drawing over 500,000 visitors annually. The Foellinger-Freimann Botanical Conservatory gardens cover 24,500-square-foot (2,280 m2), displaying over 1,200 plants of 502 different species and 72 types of cacti. Science Central, an interactive science center, contains permanent displays and temporary exhibits, drawing 130,000 visitors annually.
Established in 1921, the Fort Wayne Museum of Art (FWMoA) is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums, specializing in the collection and exhibition of American art. The FWMoA annually receives 100,000 visitors.
The History Center, located in Fort Wayne's Old City Hall, manages a collection of more than 23,000 artifacts recalling the region's history. The center is overseen by the Allen County–Fort Wayne Historical Society, which maintains the Richardville House, one of two National Historic Landmarks in the city. Historic Fort Wayne, a replica of the ***15 fortification, hosts scheduled tours and historical reenactments throughout the year. Other cultural museums include the African/African–American Historical Museum, Fort Wayne Firefighters Museum, Greater Fort Wayne Aviation Museum, and Baer Field Heritage Air Park.
The Allen County Public Library's Fred J. Reynolds Historical Genealogy Department is the second-largest genealogy collection in North America. The collection contains 350,000 printed volumes and 513,000 items of microfilm and microfiche.
Festivals and events
A concert during the 42nd Three Rivers Festival in 2010.
The city hosts a variety of cultural festivals and events annually. Festivals commemorating ethnic food, dance, music, and art include Germanfest, Greek Festival, and Japanese Cherry Blossom Festival. Initiated in 1997, Fort Wayne Pride celebrates northeast Indiana's LGBTQ community. BBQ RibFest showcases barbecue rib cooks and live entertainment, attracting 40,000 visitors annually.
Fort4Fitness is a certified half marathon, 4-mile (6.4 km) run/walk, and health fair. Over 9,000 participated in the 2011 half marathon. In 2012, Fort4Fitness debuted a spring cycle, Bike-the-Fort, which included three bicycling tours with over 1,000 participants. HolidayFest begins with the Night of Lights on Thanksgiving eve, with the lighting of the PNC Santa and Reindeer, Wells Fargo Holiday Display, and Indiana Michigan Power Christmas Wreath, ending with a fireworks finale at Parkview Field.
The largest annual events in the city are the Johnny Appleseed Festival, Taste of the Arts, Middlewaves and the Three Rivers Festival. The Johnny Appleseed Festival draws 300,000 visitors. The festival is held at Johnny Appleseed Park, where American folklore legend John Chapman is believed to be buried. Apple-themed cuisine, crafts, and historical demonstrations recalling 19th century American pioneering are among some of the festival's events. Three Rivers Festival, a celebration of Fort Wayne, spans nine days each July, attracting 400,000 visitors. Three Rivers features over 200 events, including a parade, midway, hot dog eating contest, bed race, raft race, arts fair, and fireworks spectacular. Other annual events include the Allen County Fair, BAALS Music Festival, National Soccer Festival, and the Vera Bradley Outlet Sale.
Sports
Allen County War Memorial Coliseum (top) and Parkview Field (bottom).
See also: History of sports in Fort Wayne, Indiana
Fort Wayne is home to three minor league sports franchises: the ECHL's Fort Wayne Komets, the Midwest League's Fort Wayne TinCaps, and the NBA G League's Fort Wayne Mad Ants who are owned and operated by their parent club, the Indiana Pacers. Fort Wayne also hosts the Fort Wayne Derby Girls of the Women's Flat Track Derby****ociation Division 2. These teams compete at the Allen County War Memorial Coliseum. Parkview Field is home to the TinCaps.
The city has been home to other professional sports franchises, including the National Basketball****ociation's Fort Wayne Pistons (which moved to Detroit in 1957), the Fort Wayne Daisies of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League, and the Fort Wayne Kekiongas of the National****ociation of Professional Base Ball Players (precursor to Major League Baseball).
Intercollegiate sports in the city include the Purdue Fort Wayne Mastodons, representing Purdue University Fort Wayne (PFW) in the NCAA's Division I Horizon League, and NAIA schools Indiana Tech (Wolverine–Hoosier Athletic Conference) and University of Saint Francis (Crossroads League and Mid-States Football****ociation). The Mastodons had represented Indiana University – Purdue University Fort Wayne (IPFW) prior to its 20*** split into two separate institutions (see below), and from 2016 to 20*** were branded as the Fort Wayne Mastodons, but the athletic brand was changed to "Purdue Fort Wayne" shortly before the split took effect.
Some notable events in sports history occurred in Fort Wayne. On June 2, ***3, Fort Wayne hosted the Quincy Professionals for one of the first lighted evening baseball games ever recorded. Fort Wayne is also credited as the birthplace of the NBA, as Pistons' coach Carl Bennett brokered the merger of the BAA and the NBL in 1948 from his Alexander Street home. On March 10, 1961, Wilt Chamberlain became the first player in the NBA to reach 3,000 points in a single season while competing at the War Memorial Coliseum.
Parks and recreation
See also: List of parks in Fort Wayne, Indiana
Tulips bloom in Foster Park.
Fort Wayne Parks and Recreation maintains 86 public parks totaling 2,805 acres (1,135 ha). Three public and 20 private golf courses are located in Allen County. Franke Park is the most extensive city park, covering 339.24 acres (137.3 ha). Franke is home to the Foellinger Theatre, Shoaff Lake, and the Fort Wayne Children's Zoo. Other notable parks include Johnny Appleseed Park (home to a campground and John Chapman's grave) and McCulloch Park (home to Samuel Bigger's grave). Foellinger-Freimann Botanical Conservatory, Headwaters Park, Lawton Skatepark, and Historic Fort Wayne are located downtown. Hurshtown Reservoir, near Grabill, is the largest body of water in Allen County and is popular with watersports enthusiasts for sailing and fishing. Some 300 lakes are located within 50 miles (80 km) of the city. Located downtown along the St. Marys River, Fort Wayne Outfitters offers canoe, kayak, stand-up paddle board, and pontoon boat rentals for recreation along the three rivers.
Canoeing on the St. Marys River.
Starting in the 1970s, the city developed a system of recreational trails along the riverbanks, known as the Rivergreenway, with the aim of beautifying the riverfronts and promoting active lifestyles for residents. The Rivergreenway was designated a National Recreation Trail in 2009. As of 20***, the Rivergreenway had expanded with additional trails to encompass nearly ***0 miles (290 km) throughout the city and county, with about 550,000 annual users. With the expansion of trails in recent years, cycling has become an emerging mode of transportation for residents. In 2009, the city's first bicycle lanes were established with the installation of 250 bike parking places. In 2016, Fort Wayne was designated a Bronze Level bicycle friendly community by the League of American Bicyclists.
According to the Trust for Public Land's 2017 ParkScore Index, some 56% of Fort Wayne residents are underserved.
Government
See also: List of mayors of Fort Wayne, Indiana
A statue of General "Mad" Anthony Wayne, namesake of the city, stands in Freimann Square.
The Allen County Courthouse (center) and the Rousseau Centre (right), home to city and county offices.
Fort Wayne has a mayor–council government. The mayor, city clerk, and city council members serve four-year terms.
Fort Wayne's mayor is Tom Henry, a Democrat, who was elected in 2007. Henry succeeded Democrat Graham Richard who chose not to run for re-election after two terms as mayor. Henry was re-elected to a third term in 2015. Karl Bandemer was appointed deputy mayor in 2013. Lana Keesling was elected city clerk in 2015. Fort Wayne City Council has nine elected members, one representative from each of the city's six council districts and three at-large members, serving four-year terms.
The city is represented in the Indiana General****embly by three Senate Districts and seven House Districts. Fort Wayne's state senators include Dennis Kruse (14th District), Liz Brown (15th), and David Long (16th). Representatives include Dan Leonard (50th District), Ben Smaltz (52nd), Phil GiaQuinta (80th), Martin Carbaugh (81st), Christopher Judy (83rd), Bob Morris (84th), and Dave Heine (85th). Federally, Fort Wayne is part of Indiana's 3rd congressional district, represented by Republican Jim Banks, who was first elected in 2016.
Under the Unigov provision of Indiana Law, Fort Wayne would have automatically consolidated with Allen County when its population exceeded 250,000, previously the minimum population for a first class city in Indiana. Fort Wayne nearly met the state requirements for first class city designation on January 1, 2006 when 12.8 square miles (33 km2) of neighboring Aboite Township (and a small section of Wayne Township) including 25,094 people were annexed. However, a 2004 legislative change raised the population threshold for first-class status from 250,000 to 600,000, which ensured Indianapolis' status as the only first class city in Indiana.
Fort Wayne's E. Ross Adair Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse houses the United States District Court for the Northern District of Indiana, which was authorized by Congress in 1928.
Municipal and state laws are enforced by the Fort Wayne Police Department, an organization of 460 officers. In 2006, Fort Wayne's crime rate was 5104.1 per 100,000 people, slightly above the national average of 4479.3. There were *** murders, 404 robberies, and 2,128 burglaries in 2006. Steve Reed was appointed to the position of police chief in 2016. In 2014, former police chief Rusty York was appointed to the position of director of public safety. York previously served as police chief from 2000 to 2014.
As of 2010, the Fort Wayne Fire Department included 375 uniformed firefighters and *** fire stations. Eric Lahey was appointed fire chief in 2014.
Fort Wayne Community Schools (FWCS) is the largest public school district in Indiana, enrolling 30,981 students as of the 2013–2014 academic year. FWCS operate 51 facilities, including 31 elementary schools, ten middle schools, and five high schools. The student body is diverse, with 75 spoken languages in the district. East Allen County Schools (EACS) operate 20 schools, with a total enrollment of 9,114. Northwest Allen County Schools (NACS) operate seven elementary schools, two middle schools, and one high school, with a total enrollment of 6,853. Southwest Allen County Schools (SACS) operate six elementary schools, two middle schools, and one high school, with a total enrollment of 6,995. Private primary and secondary education is offered largely through Lutheran Schools of Indiana and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Wayne–South Bend. Amish Parochial Schools of Indiana has schools through eighth grade in rural eastern Allen County.
Higher education
Fort Wayne hosts institutions affiliated with both of Indiana's major state university systems. Indiana University Fort Wayne (IU Fort Wayne) and Purdue University Fort Wayne (PFW) were established in July 20*** after the dissolution of Indiana University – Purdue University Fort Wayne (IPFW), which had enrolled over 13,000 students prior to its closure and was the state's fifth-largest public university. IPFW's degree programs in health sciences are now operated by IU Fort Wayne; as such, that institution is now home to the Fort Wayne Center for Medical Education, a branch of the Indiana University School of Medicine. All remaining IPFW degree programs were taken over by PFW.
Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana also contains two campuses in the city. Three private universities are located in the city, including Concordia Theological Seminary, Indiana Institute of Technology, and the University of Saint Francis. Private universities with regional branches in Fort Wayne include Crossroads Bible College, Grace College and Theological Seminary, Huntington University, Indiana Wesleyan University, Manchester University College of Pharmacy, and Trine University. For-profit institutions include Harrison College and International Business College.
Libraries
Composed of 14 branches, the Allen County Public Library is among the 20 largest public libraries in the U.S., and ranks 89th factoring in academic libraries, with 3.4 million volumes. The library's foundation is also among the nation's largest, with $14 million in****ets. The entire library system underwent an $84.1 million overhaul from 2002 to 2007. In 2009, over 7.4 million materials were borrowed by patrons, with over 3 million visits made throughout the library system.
Media
See also: Media in Fort Wayne, Indiana
Major broadcasting network affiliates include WANE-TV (CBS), WPTA-TV (ABC/NBC), WISE-TV (CW), WFFT-TV (Fox), and WFWA-TV (PBS), Northeast Indiana's PBS member station. Religious broadcasters include WINM and W07CL. Access Fort Wayne maintains Fort Wayne and Allen County's Public Access capabilities serving from the Allen County Public Library. Two National Public Radio stations are based in the city, WBNI and WBOI with the new WELT Community Radio Station transmitting from the Allen County Public Library.
Fort Wayne is served by two primary newspapers, the Journal Gazette and Pulitzer Prize-winning News-Sentinel. The two dailies have separate editorial departments, but under a joint operating agreement, printing, advertising, and circulation are handled by Fort Wayne Newspapers, Inc. The News-Sentinel announced that it would cease printing operations in favor of digital publishing in August 2017.
Infrastructure
Transportation
An A-10 Warthog after completing a training mission at the Fort Wayne Air National Guard Station.
Fort Wayne includes two municipal airports, both managed by the Fort Wayne–Allen County Airport Authority. Fort Wayne International Airport (FWA) is the city's primary commercial airport, with five airlines offering direct service to 13 domestic connections. The airport is Indiana's second busiest, with over 350,000 passenger enplanements in 2015. Fort Wayne International is also home to the 122d Fighter Wing's Fort Wayne Air National Guard Station. Smith Field, in northern Fort Wayne, is used primarily for general aviation.
Fort Wayne is served by a single Interstate, (Interstate 69), along with an auxiliary beltway (Interstate 469). Once the State Road 37 expressway between Bloomington and Martinsville is completed in 20***, filling a gap in I-69 that exists south of Indianapolis, the road will run south to Evansville; it currently runs north to the Canada–United States border at Port Huron, Michigan. In the coming years, I-69 will extend to the US–Mexico border in Texas, with branches ending in Laredo, Pharr, and Brownsville. Four U.S. Routes bisect the city, including US 24, US 27, US 30, and US 33.
Five Indiana State Roads also meet in the city, including State Road 1, State Road 3, State Road 14, State Road 37, and State Road 930. Airport Expressway, a four-lane divided highway, links Fort Wayne International Airport directly to I-69. About 85 percent of residents commute alone by personal vehicle, while another eight percent carpool.
Unlike most cities comparable to its size, Fort Wayne does not have an urban freeway system. In 1946, planners proposed a $27 million federally funded freeway, crossing east–west and north–south through downtown. Opponents successfully campaigned against the proposal, objecting to the demolition of nearly 1,500 homes at the time of the post-World War II housing shortage, while playing on fears that the project would force displaced minorities into white neighborhoods. In 1947, Fort Wayne residents voted down the referendum that would have allowed for its construction, dubbed the 'Anthony Wayne Parkway.' Beginning in 1962, construction commenced for I-69 in suburban Fort Wayne.
The I-469 beltway around the southern and eastern fringes of Fort Wayne and New Haven was constructed between 1988 and 1995 as the largest public works project in Allen County history, at $207 million.
Pennsylvania Railroad Station has stood as a landmark to the city's railroad heritage since 1914.
Amtrak's Capitol Limited (Chicago - Toledo - Cleveland - Pittsburgh - Washington, D.C.) and Amtrak's Lake Shore Limited (Chicago - Toledo - Cleveland - Buffalo - Albany - split to Boston and to New York City) are the closest passenger rail services to Fort Wayne, located 25 miles (40 km) north at Waterloo Station. Service by Amtrak ended in 1990 when the Broadway Limited was rerouted away from Fort Wayne's Pennsylvania Station. Until 1961 the Pennsylvania Railroad operated the north–south Northern Arrow through the station. Other stations in Fort Wayne served the passenger trains of the Chicago, Indianapolis, and Louisville Railway ('Monon Railroad') and the Wabash Railroad.
There has been a movement to bring direct passenger rail service back in the form of Amtrak or high-speed rail service. In 2013, a feasibility study was published outlining the impacts of a proposed Columbus—Fort Wayne—Chicago high-speed rail corridor. At 300 miles (480 km), the route would cost $1.29 billion and generate some $7.1 billion in economic benefits to the region. Freight service is provided by a class I railroad (Norfolk Southern) and two class III railroads. Fort Wayne is headquarters and main operations hub of Norfolk Southern's Triple Crown Services subsidiary, the largest truckload shipper in the U.S.
Fort Wayne's mass transit system is managed by the Fort Wayne Public Transportation Corporation (Citilink), providing 12 bus routes through the cities of Fort Wayne and New Haven via downtown's Central Station. CampusLink debuted in 2009 as a free shuttle service for students, faculty, and general public traveling between Ivy Tech's Coliseum and North campuses, IPFW and its student housing on the Waterfield Campus, and shopping and residential areas. MedLink debuted in 2013 connecting Parkview Regional Medical Center with Parkview Health's Randallia campus. Despite annual ridership of 2.2 million, less than one percent of residents commute by public transportation. Fort Wayne is served by two intercity bus providers: Greyhound Lines (Indianapolis—Toledo—Detroit) and Lakefront Lines (Chicago—Columbus—Akron).
In 2016, the city introduced its first bike-sharing program, including five stations and 25 bicycles.
Healthcare
Fort Wayne is served by ten medical centers belonging to one of two regional healthcare providers in the city: Parkview Health System and Lutheran Health Network. Notable hospitals include Dupont Hospital, Lutheran Hospital of Indiana, Parkview Regional Medical Center, Parkview Hospital Randallia, and St. Joseph Hospital. Over 1,600 patient beds are available throughout the city's healthcare system. As of 2017, both healthcare systems were the city's first and second largest employers, respectively, and contribute to a total healthcare workforce in Allen County of 34,000. VA Northern Indiana Health Care System's Fort Wayne Campus provides medical services through the Department of Veterans Affairs.
Utilities
City Utilities is the largest municipally owned water utility in Indiana, supplying residents with 72 million US gallons (270,000 m3) of water per day from the St. Joseph River via the Three Rivers Water Filtration Plant. Sanitary sewer treatment is also managed by City Utilities. The City of Fort Wayne offers full curbside recycling and solid waste collection services for residents, presently contracted through Red River Waste Solutions. Electricity is provided by Indiana Michigan Power, a subsidiary of American Electric Power, while natural gas is supplied by Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO), a subsidiary of NiSource. All tier 1 networks and several additional telecommunication service providers cover the Fort Wayne rate area.
Notable people
Main article: List of people from Fort Wayne, Indiana
Sister cities
Fort Wayne has four sister cities as designated by Sister Cities International:
Takaoka, Toyama, Japan (1977)
P?ock, Masovian, Poland (1990)
Gera, Thuringia, Germany (1992)
Taizhou, Zhejiang, China (2012)
Friendship city
Mawlamyine, Mon State, Burma (Myanmar) (2015)
Autoflowering Feminized Cannabis Seeds
Photoperiod CBD Feminized Cannabis Seeds
Photoperiod Feminized Cannabis Seeds
Plant Fertilizers
Plant Nutrient Kits
Plant Stimulants
Autoflowering Feminized Cannabis Seeds:
Zkittlez Autoflowering
Feminized Seeds
Zkittlez Auto is a feminized cannabis strain that has very high THC content. It has a strong candy flavor and a
refreshing scent. The plant is compact with multiple bud sites with the main cola growing vertically and producing several lateral
branches on the side. Zkittlez flowers naturally within 9-10 weeks of planting before proceeding to produce large frost-white buds.
Zkittlez Auto has sufficient spacing between nodes to allow for proper aeration and is highly resistant to pests and diseases. This
plant is versatile and responds well to light training methods for maximum production. It is a sturdy cannabis strain that is ideal
for beginners who want to try their hand in cannabis farming. Zkittlez Auto is also great for commercial projects because it yields up
to 500g/m2 with proper care. For the best results, always support Zkittlez Auto plants with a cable to help them stand firm during the
maturity stage when bugs bulge and start to ripen. Zkittlez requires proper spacing to stimulate optimal flowering and ripening of the
buds. It is a heavy feeder that requires adequate fertilization to fulfill its immense potential. Zkittlez Auto gives an immediate
high that dissipates gradually, causing relaxation that may last for up to 3 hours. The Indica high from this weed is not overwhelming
and enables you to suppress stressors and anxiety without losing focus. The Zkittlez Auto strain is great for midday or night time
puffs and is suitable for both novices and ******** stoners. When used as an additive, it gives a g****fruit taste with hints of
chocolate.
Gorilla
Glue #4 Autoflowering Feminized Seeds
If you're searching for an easy to grow, high-THC cannabis strain that will dazzle even the most discerning herb-
lovers, look no further than award-winning Gorilla Glue #4. Also known as Original Glue, Gorilla Glue #4 took 1st place in both the
2014 Michigan and LA Cannabis Cups and earned the top prize in the prestigious High Times Jamaican World Cup. True to its name,
Gorilla Glue #4 plants produce giant colas of sticky buds with furry orange pistils. The expert breeders at GG strains combined three
classic cultivars to create a sativa-dominant hybrid that's mold-resistant and ultra high-yielding. Gorilla Glue #4's dense flowers
impart a sweet, earthy flavor with hints of citrus and a pungent diesel aroma. You'll want to make sure to install a good filter and
keep an extra pair of trimming sheers handy when you cultivate these gooey, fragrant buds. Autoflowering Gorilla Glue #4 seeds allow
growers to cultivate several harvests in one season. With perpetual harvests and an extra high-THC content, Gorilla Glue #4 has become
one of the most popular cannabis strains to grow indoors or outdoors.
Bubba Kush
Autoflowering Feminized Seeds
Adding just a touch of Ruderalis to Bubba Kush sped up this classic American photoperiod strain so that it finishes in
weeks instead of months. You can now harvest huge, swollen buds that reek of fuel and earth in just 75 days from seed without even
adjusting your lights. Auto Bubba Kush couldn't be easier. It's a great choice for beginners or more experienced growers who're in a
time crunch.
Northern
Lights Autoflowering Feminized Seeds
Auto Northern Lights is very similar in characteristics to its feminized version, except that it will produce buds in
65 days and does not require a lightcycle change to flower.
Blueberry
Autoflowering Feminized Seeds
Blueberry is a fruity yet hardy little flower that grows well both indoors and out. Blueberry was crossed with
Cannabis Ruderalis resulting in the auto-flowering variety that will flower in just a few weeks regardless of changes in daylight.
It's also disease and pest resistant, making it perfect for the novice grower. The plants are small, growing to roughly 32? but don't
let the small size fool you, this little plant will produce a decent yield of dense buds heavy with resin and speckled with bursts of
the bright purples and reds****ociated with its namesake fruit. The scent and flavors are sweet and heavily lean toward berries and
fruits with undertones of pine and vanilla. This Indica dominant hybrid strain is perfect for growing in smaller spaces and gives a
nice, relaxing high to help you de-stress and leave the worries of your day behind.
White Widow
Autoflowering Feminized Seeds
White Widow is well known to produce an enormous amount of resin and white trichomes that cover the plant like fallen
snow. It is also easy to grow and adapts well to any system. Narcotic effects are very strong and intense. White Widow is a very
popular, top choice because it grows easily, to a medium height and delivers large yields of potent buds.
Wedding Cake
Autoflowering Feminized Seeds
Auto Wedding Cake is very similar in characteristics to its feminized version, except that it will produce buds in 65
days and does not require a lightcycle change to flower.
Bruce
Banner #3 Autoflowering Feminized Seeds
Auto Bruce Banner #3 is very similar in characteristics to its feminized version, except that it will produce buds in
65 days and does not require a lightcycle change to flower.
Girl
Scout Cookies Autoflowering Feminized Seeds
Who wouldn't want an endless supply of Girl Scout Cookies? With autoflowering GSC cannabis seeds, you can do just
that. Our feminized, autoflowering seeds allow both beginner and experienced gardeners to yield several harvests in just one growing
season. Autoflowering Girl Scout Cookie plants start flowering in 65 days with no change in light levels. Cookie Fam of northern
California deftly combined two near landrace cultivars to produce a classic strain that's popular among cannabis breeders and
consumers alike. Girl Scout Cookie's frosty buds impart a sweet, fruity taste with an earthy and slightly minty aroma. Girl Scout
Cookies is an indica-dominant strain with a 60:40 indica-to-sativa ratio. The result of Cookie Fam's exquisite genetic combination is
a cannabis variety with an upbeat vibe that's ideal for creative inspiration or relaxing on a lazy day. Girl Scout Cookies plants grow
in twisting helixes adorned with purple sugar leaves and fiery orange pistils. GSC cannabis varieties respond exceptionally well to
Sea of Green training techniques. When treated right, GSC cannabis plants produce abundant trichomes, containing up to 28% THC. It's
no wonder that Girl Scout Cookies has garnered numerous Cannabis Cup awards.
LSD Autoflowering Feminized
Seeds
Auto LSD is very similar in characteristics to its feminized version, except that it will produce buds in 65 days and
does not require a lightcycle change to flower.
Devil XXL
Autoflowering Feminized Seeds
Devil XXL is an auto flowering strain that grows well indoors and outdoors. Finishes in 65 days from seed. A big
benefit of this strain is a massive yield, 600 grams per square metre indoor. Buds are potent, with a high THC value of 19%. Parents
are Jack Herer and Big Devil.
Blueberry + Lemon Haze Autoflowering Feminized Seeds
New to growing or looking for a low-maintenance seed? This auto-flowering blueberry and lemon haze strain is fresh,
deliciously aromatic, and best of all, a dream to grow. It boasts herbal and peppery notes in its scent but has a surprisingly sweet,
fruit-forward flavor. With 16.5% THC this is a bold, Indica-forward strain that is known to produce an energetic, joyful state. For
growers, the benefits are endless. Its auto-flowering nature means it could be producing in 8 weeks and offering highly dense flower
that holds up against diseases and pests.
Cream Autoflowering Feminized
Seeds
Cream won awards for best indoor hydroponic and best genetics. The effects of Cream begin much like those of a pure
sativa, giving the user focus, energy and a spark of creativity, but these are replaced in the later stages by sedation, relaxation
and an increase in appetite.
Moby Autoflowering Feminized
Seeds
Auto Moby is very similar in characteristics to its feminized version, except that it will produce buds in 65 days and
does not require a lightcycle change to flower.
#5 Autoflowering Feminized Seeds
Auto #5 is very similar in characteristics to its feminized version, except that it will produce buds in 65 days and
does not require a lightcycle change to flower. Very easy to grow and delivers consistent good results in all grow systems. Very good
for beginners.
Photoperiod CBD Feminized Cannabis Seeds:
1:20 THC to CBD Photoperiod
CBD Seeds
1:20 CBD:THC is a feminized marijuana strain that produces 20 times the amount of CBD compared to THC. This
cannabinoid ratio is very unique. Most feminized marijuana strains produce buds with less than 1% CBD and 15%-20% THC. And most CBD
strains produce buds with an even amount of THC to CBD. The very high CBD compared to THC makes this strain very different to all
other strains. There are very few strains like it and until very recently CBD strains like this did not exist at all.
Blueberry Photoperiod CBD Seeds
(1:16)
We crossed our Blueberry with a pure Afghan CBD variety. Then, an F2 was obtained with same qualities of its Afghan
grandfather. Very stable. 1% THC to 16 parts CBD.
Lemon Skunk Photoperiod CBD
Seeds
With this revised blend of Lemon Skunk, the happy, energetic head high is lowered to a mild, peaceful sense of well-
being that leaves the brain clear and functional so the enhanced levels of CBD can work their magic behind the scenes. Subtle enough
for the first-time medical marijuana patient, CBD Lemon Skunk is also a perfect choice for recreational use before work or daily
chores.
Super Silver Photoperiod CBD
Seeds
Critical Kush Photoperiod CBD
Seeds
CBD Critical Kush is a calm, peaceful variety of medical cannabis that mixes genetics from two legendary breeds, OG
Kush and Critical Mass, with a high-yielding CBD strain. The resulting plants are nothing short of spectacular when it comes to yield
as well as quality. Regardless of experience level, most growers are pleasantly surprised by the sheer volume of buds at harvest time.
Expect the flowers to be fully mature as early as seven weeks but no later than nine. 6%-8% THC, 6-8% CBD
Northern Lights
Photoperiod CBD Seeds
This is the CBD version of our popular selling Northern Lights. The CBD has been bred up to: THC: 10% / CBD:
9%.
Critical Mass Photoperiod CBD
Seeds
Excellent pick for outdoor. Flowers very fast compared to other strains.
Photoperiod Feminized Cannabis Seeds:
White Tahoe
Photoperiod Feminized Seeds
White Tahoe Cookies is a perfect example of what Colorado's breeders are contributing to the cannabis community. This
mix of The White, Tahoe OG and Girl Scout Cookies was first introduced by Denver's Archive Seeds several years ago, but its fame has
since spread around the globe. It still smells like original Girl Scout Cookies, but you'll also detect strong notes of sweet hash as
well as subtler hints of OG fuel within the heavier layer of mint.
Bruce Banner #3
Photoperiod Feminized Seeds
Bruce Banner is an OG Kush X Strawberry Diesel cross that offers a perfect balance of euphoric head high and pain-
relieving body stone, making it a top choice with both recreational and medical marijuana users. Out of the five distinct phenotypes,
Bruce Banner #3 is the most popular due to its heavy Strawberry Diesel lean and uncanny ability to meet extremely high THC levels
every single time.
Gorilla Glue #4
Photoperiod Feminized Seeds
With this choice, you'll get big, robust plants generously coated in large, swollen buds hardened with more than
enough resin to make them feel surprisingly heavy in your hand. The strong, heady aroma adds to the exceptional bag appeal of Gorilla
Glue's dried flowers.
Mochalope Photoperiod
Feminized Seeds
If you are looking for an indoor/outdoor strain that can be used by serious cannabis farmers as well as home growers,
this feminized Mochalope strain is for you. The seed's origin is an Oregon Afghani female clone and a Chocolope male which resulted in
a spectacularly fragrant and robust strain. This photoperiod seed is desirable for its high yields, which can reach 600 grams per
plant, infamous THC potency, and growing ease. Mochalope is a blissful blend of chocolate, coffee, and herbal notes that you will fall
in love with for both its rich scent and its full body euphoric effects. With a THC level of 22%, this is the strain made for the
cannabis aficionado. When growing outdoors, the plant prefers some shade, particularly in the heat of the early afternoon.
Chem Dawg #4
Photoperiod Feminized Seeds
Dried Chem Dawg #4 flowers have been lab tested at a full 27% THC for a strong, long-lasting high that expands into a
very relaxing, full-body stone that'll lock even the most tolerant smoker to the couch for hours. When given plenty of light, these
plants have a vigorous start with measurable growth almost every day. Even beginners can pull in massive yields. The light-green buds
are big and completely drenched in visible resin with an abundance of bright-orange hairs.
Purple Punch
Photoperiod Feminized Seeds
A classic Cali strain, Purple Punch is an indica hybrid beloved for its fruity aromatics and trichome-rich buds.
Although we don't know who created this popular purp, there's no doubt it contains genetics from two iconic indicas: Larry OG and
Granddaddy Purple. These two powerhouse strains give Purple Punch a THC count around 20 percent and about 1 percent CBD content. Like
most indica-heavy strains, Purple Punch has a short, bushy appearance with densely packed buds. Typically, this hybrid also has bright
green leaves with reddish-orange pistils if you grow it indoors. As with many other strains, you have to expose Purple Punch to
slightly cooler temps if you want to bring out those lovely purple patches.
Do-Si-Dos Photoperiod
Feminized Seeds
As an Indica-dominant strain, Dos I Dos quickly develops a sturdy structure with a strong main stem and plenty of
weight-bearing side branches. As the plants mature, the buds swell, crystallize and start to emit a strong pungent aroma that's sweet,
earthy and just a touch floral. Near harvest time, the leaves will start to fade and reveal a mix of lime green and lavender hues. The
appearance is simply spectacular!
Strawberry
Banana Photoperiod Feminized Seeds
All you have to do is open a jar of cured Strawberry Banana buds to find out how this 70% Indica earned its name.
Within seconds, your nose will fill with the rich scent of ripe bananas and sweet berries. The fruit theme carries through to the
flavour. As the thick, smooth smoke coats your tongue, it'll taste just as sweet and fruity as a strawberry-banana smoothie.
Granddaddy
Purple Photoperiod Feminized Seeds
Produces big, dense flowers with a deep purple hue on a short, bushy plant with big leaves and tight nodes. Makes for an excellent
producer when vertical space is limited. The purple in the buds is beautiful on its own, but when combined with the orange hairs and
white trichrome crystals, the flowers are nothing less than spectacular!
Northern
Lights Photoperiod Feminized Seeds
Northern Lights is a favourite strain for indoor growing for many very good reasons. The plants stay well under three feet tall with
practically no stretch, they are very resilient and thrive under stressful conditions, and the flowering time rarely exceeds seven
weeks. Yet, yields are surprisingly high considering the short stature.
Zkittlez Photoperiod
Feminized Seeds
Sparkly images of Zkittlez' flowers are flooding social media due to the overwhelming demand for this strain. Wins at both the San
Francisco and Michigan Cannabis Cups in 2015 and the 2016 Emerald Cup made the entire weed world stand up and take notice, and it
continues to be one of the most requested strains available today.
Blue Dream Photoperiod
Feminized Seeds
Blue Dream is one of the most popular strains in North America for a number of reasons. The feelings are an intense initial rush and a
pervasive high followed by a relaxing plateau. It won't make you drowsy despite repeated sessions. Like most Blueberry-based strains,
Blue Dream isn't a particularly noxious option either, thanks to the lack of terpenes that make Sour Diesel, for example, so pungent.
The aroma is light and effervescent with hints of citrus and earth. You can expect to see very distinctive blue-green buds that are
dense if you grow it properly.
LSD Photoperiod Feminized Seeds
https://drseeds.net/product/lsd-photoperiod-feminized-seeds/
The high isn't LSD feminized's only appealing feature. It's extremely easy to grow from seed and can yield as high as 700 grams per
square meter indoor, or *** ounces per plant outdoor, after about nine weeks of bloom. If you're growing in a challenging environment
that's prone to mold, mildew or other pests, feminized LSD seeds are up to the challenge. They resist diseases that quickly kill less
hardy plants. On average, heights for this Indica-dominant hybrid range from 90 to 100 cm indoor. Outdoors, its short-medium stature
makes it suitable for large planters.
Alien
Technology Photoperiod Feminized Seeds
The exact lineage of Alien Technology is a mystery. It is a land-race Afghan strain that is reputed to have been acquired in seed form
from a small village in Afghanistan by a US soldier, and gifted to OBSoul33t who flowered it and selected the best phenotypes. Testing
shows THC levels up to 19%, and an indoor yield time of 8-9 weeks. True to its Indica heritage, this strain will grow short plants
that are robust and produce tightly packed thick buds with an aroma described as spicy, sweet, and diesel-like. Buds from this strain
are fluffy and light green, covered in orange hairs, and trichome production results in a mesmerizing white covering of trichomes. It
is suitable for growing outdoors and outdoors, hardy in the cold, yields an average amount,and pruning is recommended because leaf and
bud structure are dense. It increases yield with hydroponic and S.O.G. systems.
Bubba Kush Photoperiod
Feminized Seeds
Bubba Kush has been a favourite with marijuana smokers on the West Coast. It's a powerful Indica derived from OG Kush and a mystery
strain from New Orleans with a near-narcotic buzz that'll relax your body and leave you locked to the couch for hours in a dreamy
state of mental bliss. When used for medicinal purposes, feminized Bubba Kush has been found to relieve stress, depression, insomnia
and lack of appetite.
Oregon Peach
Photoperiod Feminized Seeds
Recreational smokers who are looking for utter and total couchlock might not be bowled over by Oregon Peach's smooth, mellow high, but
medical marijuana patients lucky enough to find this herb in their local dispensary can't get enough. Almost immediately, a happy
euphoria spreads across your brain, giving you a sense of purpose and motivation. That pleasant feeling transitions into a mild,
comfortable body stone that quickly and quietly eliminates pain, spasms and even mild depression with only a slight amount of dreamy
sedation.
Sunset
Sherbert Photoperiod Feminized Seeds
The strong, potent high from Sunset Sherbet is thanks to its ratio of eighty-five percent indica to fifteen-percent sativa with a THC
level between fifteen and nineteen percent. This is an easy strain to grow and maintain making it perfect for first-time cannabis
growers. Sherbet weed grows to a medium height with thick, bushy stems and dense flowers. Experienced cultivators enjoy adding it to
their grow for variety and for its aesthetic appeal and intoxicating aroma. Grow sherbet in a Mediterranian-like environment with
daylight temps of around 70 degrees and slightly chillier nighttime temps just before flowering. Sherbet grows best in soil rather
than with hydroponics. When grown outdoors, harvest time is in late September or early October.
Super Skunk
Photoperiod Feminized Seeds
Super Skunk has a pungent aroma, enhanced with a nice sweetness, and the flowers are compact and potent. The sticky buds are bright
green in colour and complemented with orange and brown hairs. Super Skunk flourishes outside, but it can also provide medium to high
yields with the proper indoor system. Buds offer deep relaxation that alleviates stress and anxiety and a spacey high.
Orange Bud Photoperiod
Feminized Seeds
Orange Bud is an original skunk variety created by breeding two parents of the Skunk family The goal with breeding was to find the
fruitiest phenotypes available without losing yield or quality. A hardy and stable original Cannabis Cup award-winning variety, this
strain will yield heavy with buds that are long, densely filled in, and covered with bright orange hairs and an overload of THC
crystals. With a flowering time of 8-9 weeks, this strain is a hybrid with 65% Indica. This strain grows well indoors and out and
adapts well to all growing mediums and techniques.
Cinderella 99 + Blueberry Photoperiod Feminized Seeds
A sativa dominant hybrid that delivers very beautiful blue tinted buds with orange hairs, and a delightful bouquet smell combining
notes of wildberry, pineapple and wood. High yielding with excellent stability makes her a growers dream plant.
Blueberry Photoperiod
Feminized Seeds
Blueberry was first bred in the 1970s by DJ Short, and it's still one of the most popular cannabis strains on the market today. Both
the taste and the smell are sweet and fruity with unmistakable notes of fresh blueberries. It is one of the loveliest Indicas you can
grow. Most plants will produce big, resin-covered buds that have glittery bursts of blue mixed in with the green.
White Widow
Photoperiod Feminized Seeds
True to her name, White Widow quickly transforms from a healthy green plant to a snow-covered beauty, packing on a copious amount of
frosty resin as her buds develop and swell into massive flowers. Indoors, generous yields mature fully in only about 60 days after
this proven producer is switched to a 12/12 lighting schedule.
Girl
Scout Cookies Photoperiod Feminized Seeds
This is a complex, multi-faceted strain that will surprise you! GSC has a sweet, rich bouquet that includes notes of hops, lemon and
spice. Bright green calyxes, purple leaves and neon orange hairs make this strain visually distinctive.
Powerplant Photoperiod
Feminized Seeds
Fueled by genuine South African Sativa genetics, PowerPlant sends your mind flying within seconds. The high is crystal clear and
functional, leaving you feeling energized and motivated for hours at a time.
G13 Photoperiod Feminized Seeds
The G13 strain of cannabis supposedly was initially developed from a research facility of the United States government, or so the
rumor says. Users report that G13 provides them with a euphoria that is pleasant and socially manageable, making G13 a favorite
amongst marijuana users. This variety of marijuana also has a sweet and earthy flavor that many people enjoy. G13 grows well
hydroponically in a sea of green set up. This setting produces enormous buds. When growing this strain of marijuana, give the plants
plenty of space between the branches to provide the buds with plenty of room to get as large as possible. G13 also grows well
outdoors, because it handles cooler temperatures better than many strains of pot.
Amnesia Gold
Photoperiod Feminized Seeds
The Amnesia Gold cannabis strain is an exceptionally popular one for growers looking to supply prized products because it features a
THC content of about 19% and a CBD content of around 1%. It is a feminized product of a cross between Amnesia and Lennon Haze and is a
true hybrid consisting of 80% Sativa and 20% Indica. It is widely praised for its fast-growing properties and strong potency.
Lemon Garlic
Photoperiod Feminized Seeds
Lemon Garlic is a perfect strain for newcomers and oldschoolers alike. Lovingly developed over the years, Lemon Garlic yields only the
most desirable cuts of spicy green with hints of citrus, pine, and garlic. The buds are densely stacked and flush with trichomes.
Popular in the evening, the strain is dominantly herbal with a not-so-subtle peppery and citrus chaser. Great for chilling in front of
your favorite movie or video game, The texture is perfect for a joint roll, and although samplers raved about the relaxation benefits,
didn't state any concerns about feeling overly sleepy. Give Lemon Garlic a try yourself and experience the flavors, aromas, and
sensations.
#5 Photoperiod Feminized Seeds
#5 delivers a very relaxing and long lasting high. A smooth smoke with tropical fruit flavour. Grows to a medium size with light
green leaves and bright orange pistols. Long, compact and slender buds that glitter with crystal.
Skywalker Photoperiod
Feminized Seeds
Skywalker, a hybrid strain with an even 50/50 indica/sativa split, originated as a Mazar X Blueberry cross. It carries a milder
version of the traditional indica body high and general feelings of relaxation, but the sativa component prevents the more extreme
sedative effects and couchlock from happening. Clocking in at around 15% THC and a negligible amount of CBD, it isn't the most potent
strain around, but it's the perfect strain for novices. Its lower THC contents and indica component reduce the risk of paranoia, and
growing is uniquely easy. Skywalker plants usually have better outcomes if grown indoors.
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